Jan 2017
New tools able to create EcoSpold1 files:
Climate-specific and material-specific tool for open dumps, unsanitary landfills and sanitary landfills ('MSWLF 2016.xlsm')
Material-specific tool for open burning ('Open Burning 2016.xlsm')
Central information repository ('MSWI 2016.xlsm')


7. Nov 2017
Extended tools able to create Ecospold2 files:
Climate-specific and material-specific tool for open dumps, unsanitary landfills and sanitary landfills ('Landfill 2017.xlsm')
Material-specific tool for open burning ('Open Burning 2017.xlsm')
Material-specific tool for municipal incineration ('Municipal Incineration 2017.xlsm')
Material-specific tool for tailings impoundment (ore refining waste) ('Tailings Impoundment 2017.xlsm')
Central information repository ('Central Repository 2017.xlsm')


14. May 2018
Correction of landfill gas generation: In extreme climates it is likely that landfill gas generation is affected by lack of temperature or humidity. This was not properly reflected in the previous tool. In the corrected tool low temperature and low precipitation rates will reduce the landfill gas generated from a waste.

The inventory of air emissions from the open burning tool failed to include emissions of non-fossil Carbon monoxide. In the corrected tool it is included in the inventory.  

Correction in the Central Repository, sheet 'DS info' where new dataset names are created. Use of the name suffix (column K) had lead to an unnecessary space before a colon. This was corrected.

Corrected tools:
tool for open dumps, unsanitary landfills and sanitary landfills ('Landfill 2017.xls')
Material-specific tool for open burning ('Open Burning 2017.xls')
Central information repository ('Central Repository 2017.xls')


9. Sept 2018
Correction of calculation of long-term transfer coefficients in tailings impoundments (ore refining waste): In the modelled long-term, the washout of carbonate buffer will cause the pH in the impoundment body to drop and change leachate concentrations (cf. Doka 2003 (ecoinvent report 13-III) on page 26f). The factor expressing these changes (xe) was not properly included in the Excel formulas calculating the long-term transfer coefficients. In the corrected tool the formulas for long-term coefficients were corrected. The similar tool for landfills ('Landfill 2017.xlsm') did not have this error and used xe properly.
Corrected tool:
tool for tailings impoundment (ore refining waste) ('Tailings Impoundment 2017.xlsm') 

17 Dec 2018
Veff formula in landfills and tailings was corrected, was faulty (numerically 0.1% difference)**

15 Sept 2019:
Open Burning Tool: had an error in calculation of uncertainty of the share of thermal-NOx (Sheet 2OpenBurn", cell F103) when the thermal-NOx-share was set to zero (Which is an extreme user choice).
Also the technology comment for thermal NOx amount (cell E184) was reading FALSE, when thermal-NOx-share is 0%. Corrected to "" (no text).

12 March 2020:
• Included the new exchanges for "waste mass placed in landfill" and "organic carbon placed in landfill" in the ES1 and ES2 inventories.
• Included a table that shows the synopsis of the figures for those exchanges (mean amounts and GSD). in sheet "prop".
• corrected usage text for "coatings in CRT screens" (3 instances ecoinvent 2013, ecoinvent CH 2015, ecoinvent GLO 2015)
• Included soft capping of infiltration rate to stay below 2000mm/year also in landfill model (not only tailings) and introduced a switch to consistently add/1)/remove(0) the soft capping in the Central Repository, sheet "General Data", cell F82

25 Apr 2020:
• In the compilation of the ES2 contents an error was detected for the tags for literature sources: The "place of publication" was not correctly referenced, but instead a repeat of the source UUID was shown. Affected were the landfilling workbooks (Landfill 2018.xls, Tailings Impoundment 2018.xls). This was corrected and the ES2 tag for sources now shows the correct place of publication, if one was given in the source's definition. 

• Also the literature source information in ecospold1 (Sheet "X-Source") was static. This has now adapted to reflect the chosen source defined in Central Repository's sheet "DS info".

14 Jun 2020:
• Landfill 2020.xls, sheet "air & energy", the calcualtion of fossil ST air emissions (D94:F96) had negative values for % biogenic carbon in degraded waste of 100% (%BioCdeg), due to a calcualtion error in Excel (i.e. 1-1 < 0 ). %BioCdeg was re-routed to be taken from sheet "control board" and there sanitized to be within the bracket [0-1]. The complement for fossil C ( 1 - %BioCdeg) was similarly sanitized to be within the bracket [0-1], sheet "air & energy" D94:F96 and "leachate treat" A380:B392.
• Landfill 2020.xls: included waste heat emissions also in ES2 invnetory (as other tools have)
• Landfill 2020.xls: in the ES1 inventory the processes "extrusion, plastic pipes" and "reinforcing steel, at plant" were not found as they had a CH location, changed to RER location.
• Open Burning: added waste heat emission (upper heating value) to inventories
• CentralRepository: EA has changed Excahnge names to waste polyethylene terephthalate (from waste polyethylene terephtalate, i.e. wo. th). Changed to new name in sheets "waste input" (ES2) and "DS info".
• CentralRepository: In sheet "waste input", Column GK replaced formula for checking on new IMExch entries and missing new UUID.
• The factor expressing concentration changes in leachate after the carbonate drop (xe) was wrong for the oxianion arsenic. Correct is 0.01. Affected were the landfilling workbooks (Landfill 2018.xls, Tailings Impoundment 2018.xls). Affected to varying degrees are landfilled wastes with arsenic in them and a landfill carbonate phase shorter than 60'000 years.
• Tailings 1018.xls: Leaching dynamics for Manganese was wrongly exponential, instead of linear. Corrected. Effect on datasets is limited, as often LTTK was already 100%.

24 Sept 2020
• Some German Umlauts were present in one place of publications (Z>ue<rich) and one Synonym ("Kalksteinr>ue<ckstand aus Papierproduktion").
EcoSpold2 XML-Export is not prepared to handle Umlauts. So simply umlauts were replaced with "u" in the source text.

19. Oct 2020
• Municipal Incineration 2020.xlsx: The content of several texts in comment fields of generated EcoSpold2 files (GeneralComment, TechnologyComment, GeographyComment) were erroneously blank. Culprit wsa a faulty macro function to replace special characters (& < and > ) (RemoveXMLcharsFromString). This was rectified in the workbook Municipal Incineration 2020.xlsx. The other workbooks are not affected, nor is the EcoSpold1 export.

13 Mar 2021
• Municipal Incineration 2020.xlsx: The residue wastes from incineration are landfilled in a residual material landfill.  They are solidified with cement. The landfilled hydrated cement is accounted for with a separate dataset ("disposal, cement, hydrated, 0% water, to residual material landfill"). Erroneously the cement composition with its pollutant traces were added to the residaul waste composition for the calculation of the leachate emissions of the residual material landfill. This double counts the cement pollutants, as they are already included in the separate dataset for cement landfilling. The error was corrected by removing the cement mass from the landfilled waste-specific residual waste composition.

20 Jun 2021
• Errors in the composition of PE and PP plastic waste were corrected. Due to erroneous inclusion of one sample of PS in the 2003 calculations of PE and PP, the elemental contents were distorted. A corection yields oxygen content of zero, lower nitrogen content and accordingly higher contents of other elelments. Dry matter content of PE and PP is kept identical, but with differing water content to cover the encountered range. Missing values are augmented from waste analysis for "plastics unspecified".  heating values change accordingly. Also affected complex wastes using the PE/PP compositions, waste bitumen sheet, PE part for sealing sheet, flame-retarded vapour barrier, and to a very small degree decommissioned natural gas pipeline. 

31 Oct 2021
• For the ES1 XML export a helper macro has been created that converts special characters like umlauts or accented letters into XML-codes (macro 'RemoveSpecialCharsFromES1String'). That macro had an error which prevented it from detecting some special characters, e.g. capital letter umlauts, or o with stroke and some others. The error was corrected, and the macro now also correctly converts those previously missed special characters. 

30 Jan 2022
• Wastewater 2021.xlsx: In calcualtion of Exchange properties, the water content is defined by water mass divided by dry mass. Dry mass is taken to be all waste components except the water mass, i.e. also dissolved species like Na+ and Cl- are taken to belong to dry mass, i.e. mass left over after all water is evaporated (Conventionally though the water mass is taken to be the mass of water including all dissolved species, and not dry mass is used like in ES2 but 'mass of solids'). Even with the adapted definition of water content = water mass/dry mass, an issue occurs with water content for wastewater unpolluted, which is simply pure water. So here dry mass is zero; and water content = water mass / dry mass is a division by zero. In previous tool versions, this was corrected to water content = 100%, which is wrong: 100% water content would mean the weight of water mass is *equal * to the mass of dry matter, i.e 0.5 kg water and 0.5 kg others per kg waste. In the corrected version the water content is set to zero and then simply left out of the creation of the properties string (all properties = zero are ignored).

1 Feb 2022
• Municipal Incineration 2020.xlsx: In the waste heat calculations in the MSWI tool, the internal electricity consumed is counted twice: The error was that the internal electricity used (difference between gross electricity production and net electricity production) was added to the waste heat output, but the waste heat calculations were already based on net energy figures, i.e. included already waste heat from internal electricity used.
The MSWI tool was now corrected in sheet "energy" row 68, by bypassing the repeated addition of waste heat from used internal electricity. All net output figures of useful energy are not affected by this errror. No consequences for LCIA results, as no LCIA method values wste ehat emissions. 

6 Feb 2022
• Municipal Incineration 2020.xlsx, Landfill 2020.xlsx, Open Burning 2020.xlsx, Construction waste landfill 2020.xlsx and Excavation material landfill 2020.xlsx: in sheet "Synopsis Exchanges" in column BT ff the properties of exchanges are compiled for the ES2 exports. For several auxilliary Intermediate Exchanges the pickup of the canonised properties went to the wrong column of the Central Repository (Column GV in Sheet 'waste input? instead of the correct column HV). The error meant that several auxilliary Intermediate Exchanges in ES2 exports did not have any property tags, while Elementary Exchanges and the foreground waste exchanges did. The error was corrected in the affected workbooks.

21 Feb 2022
The heating value properties of waste exchange are written into the EcoSPold2 exchange tags. While the UUIDs of both upper and lower heating value were correct, the names of the properties were wrong (gross (upper) heating (calorific) value;
net (lower) heating (calorific) value). The names were replaced with the valid ones (heating value, gross; heating value, net) in source Central Repository, sheet 'prop'. The effect of this is limited, as the UUIDS are correct and  the created EcoSpold2 files were valid, and for instance the new unsanitary landfill datasets for ei v3.5 feature the correct properties in the waste exchange.

24 Feb 2022
In the MSwi tool when choosing the FLUWA fly ash extraction process, in EcoSpold2 inventories the auxilliary demand for cationic resin was falsely categorised as a by-product output, instead of a common auxilliary input. cationic resin was changed to an input group=5.

24. Feb 2022
• Wastewater 2021.xlsx:  In the wastewater treatment tool, the export of EcoSpold1 files missed partially exchanges ot low-population air (from landfilling of sewage sludgein arid climates) and and all exchanges to agriculltural soil (landfarming of sewage sludge). The error ocurres only if those sludge fates were selected and if EcoSpold1 files are generated. The error was corrected.

25 Feb 2022
For the waste in municipal incineration the user can specify the amount of recyclable metal elements in the waste (i.e. bulk-recyclable and not oxidised Fe, Al, and Cu) as a property of the waste (if and how well that metal is removed, i.e. actual recycling is a different technology parameter). The metals arriving in bottom ash (slag) are the input to the metal separation step. At this stage however the share of recyclable metal in the slag material has usually increased over the share in the initial waste, as some unrecyclable elements have been diverted to other materials (like residual ashes or sludges). So for example if a user specifies that 50% of Al is recyclable in the input waste, some part of the total Al in the waste has been diverted to other outputs, say 20% (depends on waste-specific TK for Al). Assuming all recyclable Al metal stays in the slag, the mass share of recyclable Al of the Al in slag is now different from the share in initial waste, i.e. a factor 1.25 higher (= 1/(1 - 20%)). In the previous model versions the recyclable fractions in the initial incinerated waste were applied in slag descrapping, therefore potentially underestimating the generated metal scraps. The descrapping calculation was corrected to heed the changed base of total elemental contents for bottom ash.

18 Mar 2022: 
• Landfill 2020.xlsx: The *uncertainty parameter* of combusted landfill gas was calculated too high by up to 9%, i.e. the GSD of a combusted emission could be 1.86 instead of 1.71. The mean amounts were however correct. This affected only the *uncertainty* of energy utilisation and the *uncertainty* of net electricity and net heat produced. The error was corrected.

21 MAr 2022:
• Wastewater 2021.xlsx: in the inventory the demand for unspecified organic chemicals used in WWT infrastructure was falsely inventoried as "triazine compounds". This was a carry-over error from the MSWI model, where the additive to precipitate mercury and cadmium in the flue gas scrubber (TMT 15, 15% aqueous solution of sodium trimercapto-S-triazine) was unavailable in 2003 and was inventoried as "organic chemicals", but became available in the meantime as "triazine compounds". But in the WWT infrastructure use of triazine is highly unlikely. The exchange was reverted to the generic "chemical, organic". 

29 MAr 2022:
• Central Repository 2022.xlsx: iN the MasterDAta list for Exchanges, the given properties tag text contained the wrong unit "kg" for the properties "carbon content, fossil" and "carbon content, non-fossil", instead of the correct "dimensionless". This can affect creation of valid Ecospold2 file (but not ES1). Error occurs both in Elementary Exchanges and Intermediate Exchanges. The correct unit "dimensionless" was introduced.

21 Apr 2022: 
• Wastewater 2021.xlsx: The wastewater tool contains an input of copper metal for WWTP infrastructure. The name of that Intermediate exchange in EcoSpold2 used to be "copper" (UUID fbb039f7-f9cc-46d2-b631-313ddb125c1a). The ecoinvcent association changed that UUID to have the name "copper, cathode". THe CPC classification remains "41413: Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought; master alloys of copper". The changed Intermediate Exchange name name was introduced in the wastewater workbook.

28 Apr 2022: 
• The workbooks for Wastewater treatment, Landfilling , Excavation material landfill, Construction waste landfill, Tailings Impoundment had land use exchanges erroneously assigned to be OutputGroup =4 (To Environment). This was changed to InputGroup = 4 (From Environment), as with resoruces. This changes both EcoSpold1 and EcoSpold2 inventories.

20 Jul 2022: 
• Wastewater 2021.xlsx: For the wastewater properties the composition is given as concentrations (kg/m3) and additionally the fossil and biogenic carbon content is given (which is kg carbon mass pre kg dry mass). In the calcualtion of this for disaggregated inventories an error ocurred and the figures were not divided by kg dry mass but by water content (=kg water mass per kg dry mass). The error concerns only the two carbon content properties and was corrected. 

25 Jul 2022: 
• Wastewater 2021.xlsx:  The explanatory, informal cell text in sheet "Infra", cell AW16 should read: "modification for EA 2022: EA wants to disaggregte treatments and also wants to move sewering (and direct untreated emissions) from treatment into *market* DS and all WW treatments will be 100% into WWTP!. Thus for disaggregated UPRs the sewering infra will *not* be included here (but is assumed to be included in EA-generated market DS)." In all disaggragated DS sewer infra is excluded (not only if treatement rate is 100%).


10 Oct 22; 
• Landfill 2020.xlsx For ecospold1 inventories the infrastructure for saniatry landfills should incide some material transportation. which was missing before. this has been added using the standard distances of ecoinvent 2000, similar to other disposal inventories.

13 Okt 22:
• Construction waste landfill 2020.xlsx and Excavation material landfill 2020.xlsx: THe geography text features a text comment on the implied runoff, in case a soft capping of infiltration is applied. The given runoff figure was too high 8was using only half of the evaporation rate). This has no bearing on the calculated inventory. The calculation of the text comment has been corrected.

6 Nov 22:
• Sanitary landfill model and wastewater treatment: The water balance of the water entering the landfill (and creating leachate) was only partially considered. Water resource input into the landfill (as infiltration water) is now recorded as a resource input in the landfill model. (Water output in treated and untreated wastewater was already correctly considered in the wastewater model). Without this adition it might seem that a SLF process genreates a water surplus.

22 Nov 22: • Landfill 2020.xlsx  and  • Municipal Incineration 2020.xls
The infrastructure for sanitary landfills, slag compartments and residual material landfills was adopted from a compilation in (Zimmermann et al. 1996:B.77) which in turn was based on regulations in the Swiss Waste ordinance (TVA). The TVA  - and the updated VVEA ordinance of 2016 - makes suggestions for three *alternatives* of base seals (mineral layer, or buituminous asphalt, or PE sheet with a mineral layer). Mistakenly, Zimmermann et al. interpreted the three alternatives as three cumulative requirements and added all three together. As a correction, only the third choice (2.5 mm PE sheet and 50 cm of mineral barrier) was used for the infrastructure of the three landfill types. The mineral barrier has to have a peramability coefficient of at least 1E-9 m/s which corresponds to clay. Since the burden for clay and gravel is almost identical and gravel is already used in other parts of the landfill, the mineral barrier is inventoried as gravel.


8 Feb 23: 
• Wastewater 2021.xlsx:  during calcualtions of recusive treatment chains (Eg. SLF --> WWT --> SLF) the *mean amounts* will converge, but the geometric standard deviation GSD can grow increasingly for the amounts of nitrogen and oyxgen in sewage sludge produced from WWTP. This has to do with the addition of flocculants in the 2nd and 3rd stages of WWTP which increasees those elements in proportion to the sludge mass. With this error the GSD can become unrealistically high, i.e. with implied upper amounts of an element exceeding by far the total mass of the sludge. This is an effect of the selected recursive sequence of processes and the model's calculation of uncertainty values along the chain of calculations (instead of merely adding uncertainty values only at the end as with the Pedigree approach) and the effect of repeated addition of a flocculant amount. With other flows this recursion catastrophe is not observed. The error ultimately consisted of adding flocculant contributions to the mean amounts only, but not the values from arithmetic means and arithmetic variance (which are used to calcualte GSD of sums with the Wilkinson-Fenton approximation) in sheet "WWcalc" range CK10:CN25. After adding flocculant contributions also in arithmetic means and arithmetic variance, the GSD values for O and N remain in reasonable realms.

9. Feb 23: 
• Construction waste landfill 2020.xlsx and Excavation material landfill 2020.xlsx: 
In EcoSpold1 inventories only, the short-term leachates were falsley inventoried as emissions to groundwater. But emissions to surface water is appropriate. This subcategory was changed in both types of landfill. 
Also in • Wastewater 2021.xls in EcoSpold1 inventories the return water into nature was falsely inventoried with the non-existent subcategory "surface water". Correct is "river water".

9. Feb 2023:
• Central Repository 2020.xls  • Municipal Incineration 2020.xls  • Landfill 2020.xls  • Wastewater 2021.xls and • Tailings Impoundment 2020.xls
In October 2022 the ecoinvent association (EA) changed some of the Elementary Exchange names  (e.g. the surface water emssions named "Sodium, ion" was renamed by EA to "Sodium I". Or the soil emission named "Arsenic" was renamed to "Arsenic ion"). Sadly, for two exchanges to groundwater the names were changed and at the same time the UUIDs were needlessly changed too: from "Nickel, ion" (e030108f-2125-4bcb-a73b-ad72130fcca3) to "Nickel II" (56815b4f-6138-4e0b-9fac-c94fd6b102b3) and from "Potassium, ion" (a07b8a8c-8cab-4656-a82f-310e8069e323) to "Potassium I" (c21a1397-82dc-427a-a6cb-c790ba2626f4).
The new Exchange names established by ecoinvent association were introduced in the tools to be ued for EcoSpold2 files. Doka LCA had no role in assigning those name changes (which partly lack consistency, eg. when a suffix is " ion" and when it is an oxidation state number. Also factually false synonyms like "Fluoride (+1)" were introduced.). 

15 Mar 23: • Municipal Incineration 2020.xls   This affects only the generation of *disaggregated* datasets (dUPRs, internally by ecoinvent association): the dataX comment for oxygen uptake in incineration falsely stated that it was a *net* oxygen uptake, without the oxygen leaving the plant unused. In fact it is a gross uptake, including an air excess number of 2, but it heeds the oxygen already present in the waste input and in that latter sense is a net figure. Comment was corrected to read "oxygen from ambient air needed to combust and oxidise this waste. Figure heeds oxygen already present in waste input and includes O2 leaving the plant in flue gas uncombusted. "    

27.Mar 23: • Landfill 2020.xls: in the calculation of the properties of the leachate output of the sanitary landfill (i.e. the leachate by-product for disaggregated inventories) two errors were made: the amounts for the concentrations in "kg/m3" (kg pollutant per m3 leachate) were a factor 1000 too small (i.e. were for kg pollutant per kg wet mass). This was corrected. The other error was that the two properties fossil and non-fossil carbon content (with unit dimensionless, i.e. kg/kg dry mass) were confounded. This was also corrected. Both errors only affect the generation of *disaggregated* datasets (dUPRs, internally by ecoinvent association), but not EcoSpold2 or EcoSpold1 generation.

6. April 23: • Landfill 2020.xls, • Excavation material landfill 2020.xls • Construction waste landfill 2020.xls: in the calculation of the land use figures for these landfills, the *restoration* transformation of an access road area was not included. This was now included to be compatible with choices in other landfill models.


6. April 23:  • Wastewater 2021.xls. wastewater returned to rivers (cleaned or direct release) is inventoried in WWT inventories. In this calcualtion the direct release was falsley omitted, and only the treated water was inventoried as return water (together with subtractions for evaporated water in treatment pools cf. 2021 WW report, chapter 13 "Water balance in treatment plant"). This was rectified to include untreated water in the return water.